Tb Syringe

Authors: Ghulam Rasool Bhurgri, Momina Taki Muhammad Shamim-ur-Rehman, ShahMurad, Rajkumar Chohan, DahriGhulam Mustafa, Zulfikar Shaikh

INTRODUCTION:

UBERCULOSIS T:

Tuberculosis, one of the oldest diseases known to affect humans, is caused by bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The disease usually affects the lungs, although up to one third of cases other organs are involved. If properly treated, tuberculosis caused by drug-susceptible strains is curable in almost all cases. If untreated, the disease can be fatal in 5 years and more than half of cases. Transmission usually occurs by airborne spread of droplet nuclei produced by patients with infectious pulmonary tuberculosis (Raviglione Mario C, Richard OJ Brein, 2003).

Tuberculosis is an ancient disease. Today, gas tuberculosis become the most important communicable disease in the world, with over 8 million cases of pulmonary tuberculosis occurring each year 95% are in developing countries (A Gordon Leitch, 2000).

Tuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of mammals from human and other damage caused by a group of closely related pathogens requires the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, comprising M. tuberculosis. The tuberculosis bacillus of man - M. bovis - bovine TB,-agricanum - a heterogeneous type found mainly in Africa effuational with properties intermediate between the two former species and M-microti-a rare cause of disease involved and other small mammals, but attenuated for humans. (PDO AWIS D et al, 2003).

The annual risk of infection

Domains

Current

Level

annual decline

Trend (%)

Health Resources

Availability

Industrialized

From 0.04 to 0.1

> 10

Excellent

Middle income in Latin America

West Asia

From 0.5 to 1.5

5-10

Good

Income Middle East and South

EEST Asia

1.0 to 2.5

<5

Good

Sub-Saharan

Indian Subcontinent

1.0 to 2.5

0-3

Poor

(A Gordon Leitch, 2000)

In 1994 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared tuberculosis (TB) is a global emergency. He has developed a five-point strategy called directly observed treatment strategy (DOTS) to fight against the increasing incidence of the disease. The main objective was to identify 70% of smear positive tuberculosis (TB) and treat85% new smear positive cases successfully. This strategy has improved cure rates in the world. Tuberculosis is a cause increasingly significant morbidity and mortality among refugee and displaced populations, especially during the acute phase post complex emergencies (Alison Rodger M et al., 2002).

EPIDEMIOLOGY:

In Pakistan, only data available are limited, however, the prevalence of T.