Periodontal Instruments

Periodontal disease is a combination of several diseases that includes multiple n local factors. It consists of a chronic inflammation of the gums with the loss of alveolar bone. It is a disease that affects one or more periodontal tissues. Periodontal disease is traditionally divided into two categories: -

(Gingivitis) - It may be defined as an inflammation of the gums, without the loss of the tooth ie the attachment of periodontal ligament. It is usually caused by bacterial plaque that accumulates in the spaces between the gums and teeth and the calculation that forms on teeth. These bacteria seem to be tiny or microscopic, but the bacteria in the foreign chemicals and toxins that causes inflammation of the gums.

(B) Periodontitis - This refers to the number of inflammatory diseases affecting the periodontal tissue that surrounds us and teeth.This disease involves progressive loss of alveolar bone around the teeth and if its not treated it can lead lose and the subsequent loss of teeth. It is caused by micro-organisms adhering to grow on the surface of the tooth with an overly aggressive immune response against these micro-organisms.

In some cases, individuals, gingivitis to periodontitis results ever, speaking in gingivitis otherwise always precedes periodontitis.

TREATMENT (conventional treatment)

Successful treatment of this disease involves the removal of plaque and tartar that has accumulated on the teeth. This treatment is called debridement that is performed using ultrasonic instruments that decomposes the calculation resulting in easy removal. This treatment called debridement to remove heavy stains and tartar accumulation on the lingual surface of anterior teeth near the gumline.

This treatment also includes tools such as -

(A periodontal scalers) that are used as dental instruments in primary care periodontal teeth man, it has a narrow tip for easy access in tight spaces opening between teeth.

(B) periodontal curettes which are also used for the periodontal care of human teeth and has rounded blunt tip that helps treat subdomains of the gum, the calculation is stored. They are classified into two:

• Universal Curette.
• Gracey.

Scaling and planning otherwise known as conventional periodontal treatment or non-surgical periodontal treatment is to remove or eliminate the etiologic agents that cause inflammation. periodontal scaling procedures in removing plaque, tartar and stain from the crown and root surfaces of teeth, root planing, so that a specific treatment that removes the roughened cementum and dentin surface (tissue calcified teeth), which is impregnated with calculus, microorganisms and their toxins. They are also called to a deep cleaning and can be performed using a number of dental tools, including instruments and ultrasonic instruments such as hard scaling and periodontal curettes.

Full mouth disinfection refers to an intensive periodontitis usually involving scaling and root planing in combination with adjunctive use of antibiotics and the systematic use of local auxiliary antimicrobial periodontal treatment such as chlorhexidine . The goal is to complete debridement of all areas of periodontal pockets W.